Death walks with the skeleton of a sardine followed by the funeral procession to the "enterrament de la sardina." Photo by Marc Grifo courtesy of Ajuntament de Barcelona (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Carnaval is the festival that marks the last time for mischief, over-indulgence and an excuse for a serious party before the purging of vices and the start of some dedicated abstinence during quaresma (Lent). Dimecres de cendra (Ash Wednesday) marks the start of Lent and on that day you may see, winding its fiery, raucous way through local streets, a funereal procession featuring a brass band and headed by a huge effigy of a sardine.
Once the procession has arrived at its destination (llegada de la sardina), usually the main square of town, a character of upstanding reputation must address the sardine with a satirical reading of the testament de la sardina (will of the sardine). After all this pomp and ceremony comes the serious business of setting the sardine effigy on fire; this signifies the spiritual cleansing that is fundamental to Lent.
Children at "l'enterrament de la sardina," photo by Vicente Zambrano González courtesy of Ajuntament de Barcelona (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
The origins of this tradition of l’enterrament de la sardina (the burial of the sardine) are, as with many things, contested, but there are two main schools of thought. One maintains that it harks back to the reign of Spanish King Carlos III, who, in the 18th century, kindly donated a shipload of sardines to his loyal servants to give them a treat before the start of the 40 days of Lent. Unfortunately the king’s plan went somewhat awry when he discovered the fish had gone off. Oh dear; what to do with a whole heap of spoiled and highly pungent seafood? Well, why not bury it in the local park? And this, according to legend, is exactly what happened. Others say that the provenance of the event lies with a group of students who, meeting in a back room of a chemist’s in Madrid in the 19th century, decided to hold a satirical funeral march for the fish symbolizing abstinence and fasting.
Whatever the origins of this strange and magical event, it is well worth watching and is undoubtedly one of the most fascinating of the local traditions held during carnaval.
Death dances holding the sardine's corpse surrounded by the Carnival procession as they all bid farewell to the festival. Photo by Marc Grifo courtesy of Ajuntament de Barcelona (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Published February 2010, updated February 20, 2025.